选择正确的光谱仪

There are two main categories of spectrometry:辐射光谱和质谱.

Radiation spectrometry（UV-VI，IR，X射线，伽马射线）使得能够通过其与吸收，散射或发射的辐射相互作用来分析材料的结构。

弥撒spectrometryallows the molecular structure of a gas to be analyzed by ionization.

您应该选择的光谱仪类型取决于要检测的材料以及分析是否侵入（样本的破坏）。

The main selection criteria for your spectrometer should be:

• Sensitivity and detection limit
• Wavelength range

If you need to analyze the color of a sample, you will need a spectrometer covering the visible spectrum, between 360 and 740 nm.

• Resolution (the ability of the spectrometer to distinguish between two wavelengths close together)

If the sample spectrum has sharp peaks separated by a distance of at least 0.5 nm, you will need a spectrometer with a resolution of at least 0.5 nm.

除了您需要的波长和分辨率范围外，还有次要标准可以帮助您做出正确的选择：

• The overall size of the equipment, especially if it will need to be transportable
• 成本
• The analysis speed
• The signal-to-noise ratio
• 线性
• 动态范围
• 热稳定性
• 耐用性

Bruker Optics FTIR infrared spectrometer

Infrared spectrometryis a type of absorption spectrometry that makes it possible to determine the nature of the chemical bonds present in a molecule. Absorption results from the vibration and rotation of the molecules.

它用于测量暴露于红外光的样品的响应。

It offers non-invasive analysis and quantitative determinations with minimal sample preparation.

这有什么用途？

• The infrared spectrometer is suitable for surface analysis in the semiconductor industry or in order to quickly determine the amount of water in seeds for agriculture.
• It can also be used to identify raw materials and components in the chemical, cosmetics, plastics or pharmaceutical industries.
• It is useful for monitoring highly absorbent solid products and providing information such as protein, fat, fiber and starch content.
• 红外光谱仪可作为实验室模型或作为现场分析的便携式模型。

缺点

• 当不同化学成分的数量大时，光谱变得复杂并且难以解释，特别是对于有机化合物。

U-Therm International UV/VIS spectrometer

UV/VIS spectrometry(ultraviolet and visible wavelengths) is a type of absorption spectrometry that enables the analysis of low-complexity liquid or gas samples.

A lamp, usually a deuterium one, turns a visible light spectrometer into a UV-visible unit that can measure from 190 to 1100 nm.

用UV-Vis光谱仪进行分析与红外光谱仪互补。它可以更好地定量样本的组件。

这有什么用途？

• UV-Vis光谱仪用于检查食品工业中过滤器的效率。

缺点

• This type of spectrometer is easy to use, but can only analze simple samples. Due to the width of the molecular absorption bands, not all components of a complex mixture can be observed in the absorption spectra.

Analytik Jena原子吸收光谱仪

原子吸收光谱法is used to determine the concentration of metallic elements in a solution previously heated with a flame or in a furnace.

A high-temperature flame evaporates the water from the sample, dissociating it into ions. This manipulation results in a change in the light intensity measured by the detector to determine the concentration of the sample.

原子吸收光谱法具有非常选择性的优点。

这有什么用途？

• 原子吸收光谱法is used in mining exploration, in the pharmaceutical industry or in environmental research.
• This high-precision analysis is ideal for environmental testing, toxicology and quality control laboratories.

缺点

• 在进行定性和定量分析之前，必须制备初始溶液，即用合适的溶剂溶解化合物。

Thermo Scientific X射线光谱仪

X射线spectrometryis a type of absorption spectrometry that determines the composition of a material by exciting it with X-rays.

这有什么用途？

• It is used in geology to determine the composition of a rock.
• In the nuclear industry, it is used to detect uranium, whether for mining purposes or to look for impurities in the fuel.
• 它还用于废水处理，以识别要治疗的材料。

Malvern Panalytical X-ray fluorescence spectrometer

X射线fluorescence spectrometry是一种排放光谱法，其测量由X辐射的吸收激发的原子发出的X辐射。

原子也可以在高能量或温度水平下兴奋，然后产生X射线。

这有什么用途？

• 它适用于测量非常低的浓度。
• 它用于元素化学分析。
• 例如，它用于检测涂料或管道中铅的存在，或者确定建筑或工业中涂层的厚度和组成。

缺点

• 荧光技术比吸收技术更复杂，因为待分析的颗粒必须首先通过单色辐射激发。

牛津仪器NMR光谱仪

磁共振光谱是用于确定有机化合物结构的最先进的技术。特别是，它提供整个分子的结构数据，而且提供有关有机反应的信息。

这有什么用途？

• 它用于医疗MRI（磁共振成像），因为它允许获得人体的不同组织的高对比度图像。
• 该技术还用于检测炸药或对极性冰盖的研究。

Bruker Optics Raman spectrometer

Raman spectrometryis a type of diffusion spectrometry that enables the analysis of the chemical structure of a sample and the identification of the compounds present in a similar way to infrared spectrometry, but on smaller samples and with better resolution.

拉曼光谱仪允许您分析材料的外部结构的分子组成。

这有什么用途？

• It is used in archeology for non-destructive analysis.
• 它使有机分子的识别, polymers, biomolecules and inorganic compounds.
• 它允许您映射混合物中组件的分布，例如赋形剂中的药物;确定不同类型的碳（金刚石，石墨，无定形碳，亚氨烷碳，纳米管）及其相对比例的存在;并测量半导体的应力和晶体结构。

Shimadzu Mass Spectrometer

A质谱仪允许您确定气相中的分子质量。
It can be used for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis: each component has a unique, or almost unique, mass spectrum that can be compared with mass spectrum databases, allowing it to be identified and quantified.

这种类型的光谱仪适用于非常小的样本，并可以知道它们由它们组成的元素。

这有什么用途？

• It is used for the rapid analysis of samples in doping control, food safety and the pharmaceutical industry.

缺点

• 这种技术不适用于非常大的分子。

光谱仪及其应用概述