电池是由一个或多个电化学电池组成的设备,其具有与电力设备的外部连接。在本指南中,我们将涵盖各种类型的可充电电池以及不可充电(碱性)技术。
可充电电池有许多不同的形状和尺寸,从按钮单元到兆瓦系统的连接,以稳定电配电网络。使用电极和电解质材料的几种不同组合,包括铅酸,镍镉(Ni-CD),镍金属氢化镍(NiMH),锂离子(锂离子)和锂离子聚合物(Li-离子聚合物)。
电池是由一个或多个电化学电池组成的设备,其具有与电力设备的外部连接。在本指南中,我们将涵盖各种类型的可充电电池以及不可充电(碱性)技术。
可充电电池有许多不同的形状和尺寸,从按钮单元到兆瓦系统的连接,以稳定电配电网络。使用电极和电解质材料的几种不同组合,包括铅酸,镍镉(Ni-CD),镍金属氢化镍(NiMH),锂离子(锂离子)和锂离子聚合物(Li-离子聚合物)。
When choosing a battery, you should takethe following characteristicsinto account:
一种ll batteries have two common characteristics:
当您通过容量乘以电压时,您可以获得千瓦时(kWh)中存储的电量。例如:12 V - 100 AH电池理论上包含12×100 = 1,200wh = 1.2 kWh。
根据这些特性,您必须选择技术或电池类型和化学成分:铅酸,镍或锂。没有一个电池技术比其他电池技术更好。每种类型的电池都有自己的优势和缺点,需要电池的操作员,以选择最能满足其要求的应用程序。
电池根据气候(环境温度)和使用类型(放电深度),电池具有预定的寿命和周期数。为了增加他们的寿命并优化他们的操作,建议遵循存储和使用建议。
In order to calculate the size of the battery you need, you will have to to calculate the expected consumption in a day and divide this sum (in watts per day) by the direct current voltage (in volts). It is not recommended to let some batteries, especially lead-acid batteries, discharge to less than 50%. To obtain the minimum power you need, divide this result (in amperes/day) by 0.5.Working in 24 V allows you to halve the power required compared to using 12 V, or even divide it by four if you work in 48 V.如果您有多个设备同时运行,则更好地拥有更多电源。
一种锂电池是一种电化学蓄能器,其使用锂作为化学元素。含有锂的任何材料都可以是锂离子电池的基础。It is therefore very difficult to speak generally about this type of battery as high-volume markets (i.e. cameras, mobile phones, etc.) and high-energy markets (i.e. hybrid or electric vehicles, aeronautics, etc.) do not have the same needs in terms of lifespan, cost or power.
有不同类型的锂电池:
优点:
Disadvantages:
Cycles:在100%放电时提供约1,300个循环。
一种pplications (all types of lithium batteries):
There are two types oflead batteries:
优点:
Disadvantages:
应用程序:
镍金属混合电池,称为尼姆batteries那have almost entirely replacedNi-Cd镍镉电池because they are less harmful for the environment. The presence of cadmium in Ni-Cd batteries poses problems for recycling batteries at the end of their life. NiMH batteries have high energy density and can be completely discharged without affecting their lifespan.
它们具有低容量的缺点,这使得它们更适合于便携式设备,其中电池寿命很少超过几个小时。它们通常在80%放电时提供500至700个循环。
NI-CD电池的优点:
镍镉电池的缺点:
NIMH电池的优点:
Disadvantages of NiMH batteries:
The most commonalkaline batteriesare zinc manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO2) and lithium manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2). Alkaline batteries are mainly used for domestic purposes. The main formats are cylindrical (LR3, LR6, LR14, LR20) and button cell. Due to their size and weight, alkaline batteries are widely used in low-power portable devices such as remote controls, flashlights, clocks, toys, etc.
优点:
Disadvantages:
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